UPSC Prelims 2026 · Question 15 of 96
UPSC Prelims 2026 question on Jain Gati Forms of Existence
- ExamUPSC CSE
- Year2026
- PaperGeneral Studies Paper I
- SubjectArt and Culture
- TopicBuddhism and Jainism
- DifficultyMedium
- TypeDirect
Among the four main forms of existence of life recognized in Jainism, which one of the following is NOT included?
Show answer
Answer: B. Yaksha (demi-gods)
Analysis
In Jain philosophy, rebirth is classified into four principal forms of existence (Gati) determined by an individual's karma. These four Gatis are: Deva (heavenly beings), Manushya (human beings), Tiryancha (animals, birds, insects and plants) and Naraka (infernal beings).
Option (a) is included: Devas, or heavenly beings, constitute one of the four recognised forms of existence in Jainism. Although they enjoy celestial pleasures as a result of virtuous karmas, they continue to remain within the cycle of birth and rebirth.
Option (c) is included: Manushya, or human beings, form one of the four Gatis and are considered the most capable of attaining spiritual progress and ultimately liberation (Moksha).
Option (d) is included: Tiryancha refers to sub-human forms of life, including animals, birds, insects and plants, and is recognised as one of the four principal forms of existence in Jainism.
Statement by statement
Option (b) is NOT included: Yakshas are regarded as semi-divine attendant deities in the Jain tradition. However, they are not included among the four principal Gatis recognised in Jain philosophy. Hence option (b) is the correct answer.