UPSC Prelims 2022 · Question 98 of 98

UPSC Prelims 2022 question on Nanoparticles in Nature

Consider the following statements:

1. Other than those made by humans, nanoparticles do not exist in nature.

2. Nanoparticles of some metallic oxides are used in the manufacture of some cosmetics.

3. Nanoparticles of some commercial products which enter the environment are unsafe for humans.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1 only
  2. 3 only
  3. 1 and 2
  4. 2 and 3
Show answer

Answer: D. 2 and 3

Verdict

Correct statements: 2 and 3 → Option (d) 2 and 3.

Statement by statement

Statement 1 – INCORRECT: Nanoparticles occur widely in nature and are objects of study in many sciences such as chemistry, physics, geology and biology. A significant fraction of interplanetary dust is in the nanoparticle range, as are atmospheric dust particles. Many viruses have diameters in the nanoparticle range. Iron oxides/sulfides, silver and gold are some of the naturally-occurring nanoparticles in the environment. Hence statement 1 is not correct.

Statement 2 – CORRECT: Many cosmetic products used in daily life are made with the assistance of nanotechnologies. Among metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) potentially present in cosmetics, those containing titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are common ingredients for sun protection. Silver and gold NPs are also mentioned to increase the antimicrobial and healing properties of some cosmetic formulations. Hence statement 2 is correct.

Statement 3 – CORRECT: The exposure of nanoparticles to environment and humans can be described through different mechanisms. Primarily occupational exposures occur to workers (including engineers, scientists, and technicians) during the research-scale synthesis and commercial production of nanomaterial-based products. Consumers are also exposed to nanomaterials during usage and application, which may lead to harmful and toxic effects. Hence statement 3 is correct.

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