UPSC Prelims 2011 · Question 28 of 100

UPSC Prelims 2011 question on Micro Irrigation Fertigation

With reference to micro-irrigation, which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. Fertilizer/nutrient loss can be reduced.

2. It is the only means of irrigation in dry land farming.

3. In some areas of farming, receding of ground water table can be checked.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 and 3 only
  3. 1 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3
Show answer

Answer: C. 1 and 3 only

Verdict

Correct Answer: 1 and 3 only

Analysis

Micro-irrigation improves water-use efficiency and helps reduce nutrient loss, but it is not the only method used in dryland farming.

Statement by statement

1. Fertilizer/nutrient loss can be reduced — Correct
Micro-irrigation, especially drip irrigation, allows fertigation, where fertilizers are mixed with irrigation water and delivered directly to the root zone. This reduces nutrient loss through runoff, evaporation and deep leaching.

2. It is the only means of irrigation in dryland farming — Incorrect
Micro-irrigation is useful in dry and water-scarce regions, but it is not the only method. Dryland farming also uses rainwater harvesting, mulching, contour bunding, moisture conservation and drought-resistant crops. The word “only” makes the statement incorrect.

3. In some areas, receding of groundwater table can be checked — Correct
Micro-irrigation uses less water than flood irrigation. By reducing excessive groundwater extraction, it can help slow down or check the fall in groundwater levels in some areas.

Extra UPSC info

Micro-irrigation includes drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro-sprinklers and foggers.
It supports the principle of “Per Drop More Crop.”
It reduces water wastage, soil erosion, weed growth and energy use.
It is promoted under Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY).
It is especially useful for horticulture, vegetables, orchards and water-scarce regions.

How to crack it

Micro-irrigation reduces nutrient loss and helps conserve groundwater, but it is not the only irrigation method in dryland farming. Therefore, the correct answer is 1 and 3 only.

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