UPSC Prelims 2011 · Question 45 of 100

UPSC Prelims 2011 question on Genome Mapping Benefits

At present, scientists can determine the arrangement or relative positions of genes or DNA sequences on a chromosome. How does this knowledge benefit us?

1. It is possible to know the pedigree of livestock.

2. It is possible to understand the causes of all human diseases.

3. It is possible to develop disease-resistant animal breeds.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1 and 2 only
  2. 2 only
  3. 1 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3
Show answer

Answer: C. 1 and 3 only

Verdict

Correct Answer: 1 and 3 only

Analysis

Genomic mapping helps identify the location and role of genes. It can be used for livestock pedigree analysis and development of disease-resistant animal breeds, but it cannot explain the causes of all human diseases.

Statement by statement

1. It is possible to know the pedigree of livestock — Correct
DNA analysis can help identify parentage and ancestry of livestock. This is useful for maintaining breed purity, improving productivity and avoiding inbreeding.

2. It is possible to understand the causes of all human diseases — Incorrect
Genomic mapping helps in understanding genetic disorders and genetic risk factors. However, all human diseases are not purely genetic. Many are caused by infections, environment, lifestyle, nutrition and gene-environment interactions. The word “all” makes the statement incorrect.

3. It is possible to develop disease-resistant animal breeds — Correct
By identifying genes linked with disease resistance, scientists can use selective breeding, marker-assisted selection or genetic engineering to develop animals resistant to specific diseases.

Extra UPSC info

The Human Genome Project mapped the human genome and advanced modern biotechnology.
Genome India Project aims to sequence Indian genomes to understand genetic diversity and disease risks in Indian populations.
Gene mapping identifies the location of genes on chromosomes.
Genome sequencing determines the exact order of DNA bases.
Applications include personalised medicine, forensic science, livestock improvement, crop improvement and disease diagnosis.
Tools like CRISPR-Cas9 are used for precise gene editing.

How to crack it

Genomic mapping is useful for identifying livestock pedigree and developing disease-resistant breeds, but it cannot explain every human disease. Therefore, statements 1 and 3 only are correct.

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